Exercise 1.1

Question 1:

Following number line shows the temperature in degree Celsius (⁰C) at different places on a particular day:

                   

(a) Observe this number line and write the temperature of the places marked on it.

(b) What is the temperature difference between the hottest and the coldest places among the above?

(c) What is the temperature difference between Lahulspiti and Srinagar?

(d) Can we say temperature of Srinagar and Shimla taken together is less than the temperature at Shimla? Is it also less than the temperature at Srinagar?

Answer:

(a) The temperature of the places marked on it is:

            Places                     Temperature                Places                  Temperature

            Bangalore                      22⁰ C                       Srinagar                       –2⁰ C

              Ooty                             14⁰ C                       Lahulspiti                     –8⁰ C

             Shimla                            5⁰ C

(b) The temperature of the hottest place Bangalore = 22⁰ C

The temperature of the coldest place Lahulspiti = –8⁰ C

Difference = 22⁰ C – (–8⁰ C) = 22⁰ C + 8⁰ C = 30⁰ C

(c) The temperature of Srinagar = –2⁰ C

The temperature of Lahulspiti = –8⁰ C

Difference = –2⁰ C - (–8⁰ C) = –2⁰ C + 8⁰ C = 6⁰ C

(d) The temperature of Srinagar and Shimla = 5⁰ C + (–2⁰ C) = 5⁰ C – 2⁰ C = 3⁰ C

The temperature at Shimla = 5⁰ C

Therefore, 3⁰ C < 5⁰ C

Thus, temperature of Srinagar and Shimla taken together is less than the temperature at

Shimla.

Now, Temperature of Srinagar = –2⁰ C

Therefore, 3⁰ C > –2⁰ C

No, it is not less than the temperature at Srinagar.

Question 2:

In a quiz, positive marks are given for correct answers and negativemarks are given for incorrect answers.

If jack’s scores in five successive rounds were 25, -5, -10, 15 and 10, what was his total at the end?

Answer:

Jack’s scores in five successive rounds are: 25, -5, -10, 15 and 10.

Total marks got by Jack = 25 + (-5) + (-10) + 15 + 10

                                           = 25 – 5 – 10 + 15 + 10 

                                           = 25 – 15 + 25 = 35

Thus, 35 marks are got by Jack in a quiz.

Question 3:

At Srinagar temperature was -5⁰ C on Monday and then it dropped by 2⁰ C on Tuesday. What was the temperature of Srinagar on Tuesday?

On Wednesday, it rose by 4⁰ C. What was the temperature on this day?

Answer:

On Monday, temperature at Srinagar = –5⁰ C

On Tuesday, temperature dropped = 2⁰ C

So, temperature on Tuesday = –5⁰ C – 2⁰ C = –7⁰ C

On Wednesday, temperature rose up = 4⁰ C

So, temperature on Wednesday = –7⁰ C + 4⁰ C = –3⁰ C

Thus, temperature on Tuesday and Wednesday was –7⁰ C and –3⁰ C respectively.

Question 4:

A plane is flying at the height of 5000 m above the sea level.  At a particular point, it is exactly above a submarine floating

1200 m below the sea level. What is the vertical distance between them?

Answer:

Height of a place above the sea level = 5000 m

Floating a submarine below the sea level = 1200 m

So, the vertical distance between the plane and the submarine = 5000 + 1200 = 6200 m

Thus, the vertical distance between the plane and the submarine is 6200 m.

Question 5:

Mohan deposits Rs 2,000 in his bank account and withdraws Rs 1,642 from it, the next day.

If withdrawal of amount from the account is represented by a negative integer, then how will you represent the amount deposited?

Find the balance in Mohan’s accounts after the withdrawal?

Answer 5:

Deposit amount = Rs 2,000

and withdrawal amount = Rs 1,642

So, balance = 2,000 – 1,642 = Rs 358

Thus, the balance in Mohan’s account after withdrawal is Rs 358

Question 6:

Rita goes 20 km towards east from a point A to the point B. From B, she moves 30 km towards west along the same road.

If the distance towards east is represented by a positive integer then, how will you represent the distance travelled towards west?

By which integer will you represent her final position from A?

                           

Answer:

                            

 According to the number line, Rita moves towards east is represented by a positive integer.

But she moves in opposite direction means Rita moves west, is represented by negative

 integer.

Distance from A to B = 20 km

Distance from B to C = 30 km

Distance from A to C = 20 – 30 = –10 km

Thus, Rita is at final position from A to C is –10 km.

Question 7:

In a magic square each row, column and diagonal have the same sum. Check which of the following is a magic square.

                                                    

 

Answer:

(i) Taking rows:

 5 + (–1) + (–4) = 5 – 5 = 0

 (–5) + (-2) + 7 = –7 + 7 = 0

0 + 3 + (–3) = 3 – 3 = 0

Taking columns:

 5 + (–5) + 0 = 5 – 5 = 0

(–1) + (–2) + 3 = –3 + 3 = 0

(–4) + 7 + (–3) = 7 – 7 = 0

Taking diagonals:

 5 + (–2) + (–3) = 5 – 5 = 0

(–4) + (–2) + 0 = –6

This box is not a magic square because all the sums are not equal.

(ii) Taking rows:

 1 + (–10) + 0 = 1 – 10 = –9

(–4) + (–3) + (–2) = –7 – 2 = –9

(–6) + 4 + (–7) = –2 – 7 = –9

Taking columns:

 1 + (–4) + (–6) = 1 – 10 = –9

(–10) + (–3) + 4 = –13 + 4 = –9

0 + (–2) + (–7) = 0 – 9 = –9

Taking diagonals:

 1 + (–3) + (–7) = 1 – 10 = –9

0 + (–3) + (–6) = –9

This box is magic square because all the sums are equal.

Question 8:

Verify a – (-b) = a + b for the following values of a and b:

(i) a = 21, b = 18   (ii) a = 118, b =125  (iii) a = 75, b =84 (iv) a = 28, b =11

Answer:

(i) Given: a = 21, b = 18

We have

a – (-b) = a + b

Putting the values in L.H.S., we get

21 – (-18) = 21 + 18 = 39

Putting the values in R.H.S., we get

21 + 18 = 39

Since, L.H.S. = R.H.S

Hence, verified.

(ii) Given: a = 118, b = 125

We have

a – (-b) = a + b

Putting the values in L.H.S., we get

118 – (-125) = 118 + 125 = 243

Putting the values in R.H.S., we get

118 + 125 = 243

Since, L.H.S. = R.H.S

Hence, verified.

(i) Given: a = 75, b = 84

We have

a – (-b) = a + b

Putting the values in L.H.S., we get

75 – (-84) = 75 + 84 = 159

Putting the values in R.H.S., we get

75 + 84 = 159

Since, L.H.S. = R.H.S

Hence, verified.

(i) Given: a = 28, b = 11

We have

a – (-b) = a + b

Putting the values in L.H.S., we get

28 – (-11) = 28 + 11 = 39

Putting the values in R.H.S., we get

28 + 11 = 39

Since, L.H.S. = R.H.S

Hence, verified.

Question 9:

Use the sign of >, < or = in the box to make the statements true:

(a) (-8) + (-4)        (-8) – (-4)

(b) (-3) + 7 - (-4)        15 – 8 + (-9)

(c) 23 – 41 + 11        23 – 41 - 11

(d) 39 + (-24) – (15)        36 + (-52) – (-36)

(e) (-231) + 79 + 51        (-399) + 159 + 81

Answer:

(a) (-8) + (-4)        (-8) – (-4)

   = -8 - 4         -8 + 4

   = -12        -4

   = -12         -4    

(b) (-3) + 7 - (-4)        15 – 8 + (-9)

   = -3 + 7 - 19        15 – 8 - 9

   = 4 - 19         15 – 17

   = -15         -2

= -15         -2

(c) 23 – 41 + 11         23 – 41 - 11

     = -18 + 11        23 – 52

     = -7        -29

     = -7          -29

(d) 39 + (-24) – (15)        36 + (-52) – (-36)

   = 39 - 24 – 15        36 - 52 + 36

   = 39 – 39         72 - 52

   = 0        20

   = 0        20

(e) (-231) + 79 + 51        (-399) + 159 + 81

    = -231 + 79 + 51          -399 + 159 + 81

    = -231 + 130         -399 + 240

    = -101        -159

    = -101        -159

Question 10:

A water tank has steps inside it. A monkey is sitting on the topmost step (i.e., the first step).

The water level is at the ninth step:

(i) He jumps 3 steps down and then jumps back 2 steps up.

 In how many jumps will he reach the water level?

(ii) After drinking water, he wants to go back. For this,

he jumps 4 steps up and then jumps back 2 steps down

in every move. In how many jumps will he reach back the top step?

(iii) If the number of steps moved down is represented by negative integers and the number of steps move up by positive integers,

represent his moves in part (i) and (ii) by completing the following:

(a) -3 + 2 - .......... = -8             (b) 4 - 2 +........ = 8

In (a) the sum (-8) represent going down by eight steps. So, what will the sum 8 in (b) represent?

Answer:

(i) He jumps 3 steps down and jumps back 2 steps up. Following number ray shows the jumps

of monkey:

First jump = 1 + 3 = 4 steps

Second jump = 4 – 2 = 2 steps

Third jump = 2 + 3 = 5 steps

Fourth jump = 5 – 2 = 3 steps

                   

Fifth jump = 3 + 3 = 6 steps

Sixth jump = 6 – 2 = 4 steps

Seventh jump = 4 + 3 = 7 steps

Eighth jump = 7 – 2 = 5 steps

Ninth jump = 5 + 3 = 8 steps

Tenth jump = 8 – 2 = 6 steps

Eleventh jump = 6 + 3 = 9 steps

He will reach ninth steps in 11 jumps.

(ii) He jumps four steps and then jumps down 2 steps. Following number ray shows the jumps

of monkey:

                             

Thus monkey reach back on the first step in fifth jump.

(iii) (a) -3 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 3 + 2 = 8

      (b) 4 – 2 + 4 – 2 + 4 – 2 + 4 – 2 = 8 

Thus, sum 8 in (b) represents going up by eight steps.

 

                                                                  Exercise 1.2

Question 1:

Write down a pair of integers whose:

(a) sum is -7               (b) difference is -10                  (c) sum is 0

Answer:

(a) One such pair whose sum is -7:     -5 + (-2) = -7

(b) One such pair whose difference is -10:      -9 – 1 = -10

(c) One such pair whose sum is 0:                -5 + 5 = 0

Question 2:

(a) Write a pair of negative integers whose difference gives 8.

(b) Write a negative integer and a positive integer whose sum is -5.

(c) Write a negative integer and a positive integer whose difference is -3.

Answer:

(a) -2 – (-10) = -2 + 10 =

(b) -8 + 3 = -5

(c) -2 – (+1) = -2 – 1 = -3

Question 3:

In a quiz, team A scored -40,10,0 and team B scores 10, 0, -40 in three successive rounds. Which team scored more?

Can we say that we can add integers in any order?

Answer:

Team A scored -40,10,0

Total score of Team A = -40 + 10 + 0 = -30

Team B scored 10,0, -40

Total score of Team B = 10 + 0 + (-40) = 10 + 0 – 40 = -30

Thus, scores of both teams are same.

Yes, we can add integers in any order due to commutative property.

Question 4:

Fill in the blanks to make the following statements true:

(i) (-5) + (-8) = (-8) + (…….)

(ii) -53 + …….. = -53

(iii) 17 + ……. = 0

(iv)[13 + (-12)] + (……) = 13 + [(-12) + (-7)]

(v) (-4) + [15 + (-3)] = [-4 + 15] + ……….

Answer:

(i) (-5) + (-8) = (-8) + (-5)                                            [commutative Property]

(ii) -53 + 0 = -53                                                          [Zero additive property]

(iii) 17 + (-17) = 0                                                        [Additive identity]

(iv)[13 + (-12)] + (……) = 13 + [(-12) + (-7)]             [Associative property]

(v) (-4) + [15 + (-3)] = [-4 + 15] + ……….                   [Associative property] 

 

 

                                                                   Exercise 1.3

Question 1:

Find the each of the following products:

(a) 3 * (–1)           (b) (–1) * 225             (c) (–21) * (–30)               (d) (–316) * (–1)

(e) (–15) * 0 * (–18)            (f) (–12) * (–11) * (10)             (g) 9 * (–3) * (–6)

(h) (–18) * (–5) * (–4)          (i) (–1) * (–2) * (–3) * 4           (j) (–3) * (–6) * (2) * (–1)

Answer:

(a) 3 * (–1) = –3

(b) (–1) * 225 = –225

(c) (–21) * (–30) = 630

(d) (–316) * (–1) = 316

(e) (–15) * 0 * (–18) = 0

(f) (–12) * (–11) * (10) = 132 * 10 = 1320

(g) 9 * (–3) * (–6) = 9 * 18 = 162

(h) (–18) * (–5) * (–4) = 90 * (–4) = –360

(i) (–1) * (–2) * (–3) * 4 = (–6 * 4) = –24

(j) (–3) * (–6) * (2) * (–1) = (–18) * (–2) = 36

Question 2:

Verify the following:

(a) 18 * [7 + (–3)] = [18 * 7] + [18 * (–3)]

(b)(–21) * [(–4) + (–6)] = [(–21) * (-4)] + [(–21) * (–6)]

Answer:

(a) 18 x [7 + (–3)] = [18 x 7] + [18 x (–3)]

=> 18 x 4 = 126 + (–54)

=> 72 = 72

=> L.H.S. = R.H.S.

Hence verified.

(b) (–21) x [(–4) + (–6)] = [(–21) x (–4)] + [(–21) x (–6)]

=> (–21) x (–10) = 84 + 126

=> 210 = 210

=> L.H.S. = R.H.S.

Hence verified.

Question 3:

(i) For any integer a, what is (-1) * a equals to?

(ii) Determine the integer whose product with (-1) is:

     (a) -22              (b) 37              (c) 0

Answer:

(i) (-1) * a = -a, where a is an integer.

(ii) (a) (-1) * (-22) = 22

      (b) (-1) * 37 = -37

      (c) (-1) * 0 = 0

Question 4:

Starting from (-1) * 5, write various products showing some patterns to show (-1) * (-1) = 1

Answer:

         (-1) * 5 = -5             (-1) * 4 = -4               (-1) * 3 = -3               (-1) * 2 = -2         

         (-1) * 1 = -1             (-1) * 0 = 0                 (-1) * (-1) = 1

Thus, we can conclude that this pattern shows the product of one negative integer and one positive integer is negative integer

whereas the product of two negative integers is a positive integer.

Question 5:

Find the product, using suitable properties:

(a) 26 * (-48) + (-48) * (-36)             (b) 8 * 53 * (-125)        (c) 15 * (-25) * (-4) * (-10)                         

(d) (-41) * 102                                    (e) 625 * (-35) + (-625) * 65       (f) 7 * (50 - 2)

(g) (-17) * (-29)                                  (h) (-57) * (-19) + 57

Answer:

(a) 26 * (-48) + (-48) * (-36) = (-48) * [26 + (-36)]              {Distributive Property}

                                                  = (-48) * [26 - 36]

                                                  = (-48) * (-10)

                                                  = 48 * 10

                                                  = 480             

(b) 8 * 53 * (-125) = 53 * [8 * (-125)]                      {Commutative Property}

                                 = 53 * (-1000)

                                 = -53000                 

(c) 15 * (-25) * (-4) * (-10) = 15 * [(-25) * (-4) * (-10)]           {Commutative Property}

                                               = 15 * (-1000)

                                               = -15000                           

(d) (-41) * 102 = (-41) * (100 + 2)

                           = (-41) * 100 + (-41) * 2                              {Distributive Property}

                           = -4100 + (-82)

                          = -4100 – 82

                          = -4182                                               

(e) 625 * (-35) + (-625) * 65 = 625 * [(-35) + (-65)]             {Distributive Property}

                                                  = 625 * (-100)

                                                  = -62500      

 (f) 7 * (50 - 2) = 7 * 50 – 7 * 2                    {Distributive Property}

                          = 350 – 14

                          = 336     

(g) (-17) * (-29) = (-17) * [(-30) + 1]           {Distributive Property}

                             = (-17) * (-30) + (-17) * 1                       

                             = 510 – 17

                             = 493           

 (h) (-57) * (-19) + 57 = (-57) * (-19) + 57 * 1        

                                      = 57 * 19 + 57 * 1                   

                                      = 57 * (19 + 1)                      {Distributive Property}

                                      = 57 * 20

                                      = 1140

Question 6:

A certain freezing process requires that room temperature be lowered from 40⁰ C at the rate of 5⁰ C every hour.

What will be the room temperature 10 hours after the process begins?

Answer:

Given: Present room temperature = 40⁰ C

Decreasing the temperature every hour = 5⁰ C

Room temperature after 10 hours = 40⁰ C + 10 x (–5⁰ C)

                                                           = 40⁰ C – 50⁰ C

                                                           = – 10⁰ C

Thus, the room temperature after 10 hours is – 10⁰ C after the process begins.

Question 7:

In a class test containing 10 questions, 5 marks are awarded for every correct answer and (-2) marks are awarded for

every incorrect answer and 0 for questions not attempted.

(i) Mohan gets four correct and six incorrect answers. What is his score?

(ii) Reshma gets five correct answers and five incorrect answers, what is her score?

(iii) Heena gets two correct and five incorrect answers out of seven questions she attempts. What is her score?

Answer:

(i) Mohan gets marks for four correct questions = 4 x 5 = 20

    He gets marks for six incorrect questions = 6 x (–2) = –12

    Therefore, total scores of Mohan = (4 x 5) + [6 x (–2)] = 20 – 12 = 8

    Thus, Mohan gets 8 marks in a class test.

(ii) Reshma gets marks for five correct questions = 5 x 5 = 25

     She gets marks for five incorrect questions = 5 x (–2) = –10

     Therefore, total score of Resham = 25 + (–10) = 15

     Thus, Reshma gets 15 marks in a class test.

(iii) Heena gets marks for two correct questions = 2 x 5 = 10

      She gets marks for five incorrect questions = 5 x (–2) = –10

      Therefore, total score of Resham = 10 + (–10) = 0

      Thus, Reshma gets 0 marks in a class test.

 

Question 8:

A cement company earns a profit of ₹8 per bag of white cement sold and a loss of ₹ 5 per bag of grey cement sold.

(a) The company sells 3,000 bags of white cement and 5,000 bags of grey cement in a month. What is its profit or loss?

(b) What is the number of white cement bags it must sell to have neither profit nor loss. If the number of grey bags sold is 6,400 bags.

Answer:

Given: Profit of 1 bag of white cement = ₹ 8

And Loss of 1 bag of grey cement = ₹ 5

(a) Profit on selling 3000 bags of white cement = 3000 * ₹ 8 = ₹ 24,000

Loss of selling 5000 bags of grey cement = 5000 * ₹ 5 = ₹ 25,000

Since Profit < Loss

Therefore, his total loss on selling the grey cement bags = Loss – Profit

                                                                                                     = ₹ 25,000 – ₹ 24,000

                                                                                                     = ₹ 1,000

Thus, he has lost of ₹ 1,000 on selling the grey cement bags.

(b) Let the number of bags of white cement be x.

According to question, Loss = Profit

Sp, 5 * 6,400 = x * 8

=> x = (5 * 6400)/8

=> x = 5 * 800

=> x = 4000 bags

Thus, he must sell 4000 white cement bags to have neither profit nor loss.

Question 9:

Replace the blank with an integer to make it a true statement:

(a) (-3) * …….. = 27                     (b) 5 * ………… = -35

(c) ……….. * (-8) = -56                 (d) ………….. * (-12) = 132

Answer:

(a) (-3) * (-9) = 27                    

(b) 5 * (-7) = -35

(c) 7 * (-8) = -56                

(d) (-11) * (-12) = 132

 

                                                                    Exercise 1.4

Question 1:

Evaluate each of the following:

(a) (-30)/10            (b) 50/ (-5)             (c) (-36)/(-9)               (d) (-49)/49        (e) 13/[(-2) + 1]

(f) 0/(-12)               (g) (-31)/[(-30) + (-1)]          (h) [(-36)/12]/3            (i) [(-6) + 5]/[(-2) + 1]

Answer:

(a) (-30)/10 = (-30) * 1/10 = -3 * 1 = -3           

(b) 50/ (-5) = 50 * (-1/10) = 5 * (-1) = -5            

(c) (-36)/(-9) = (-36) * (-1/9) = (-4) * (-1) = 4             

(d) (-49)/49 = (-49) * 1/49 = -1 * 1 = -1       

(e) 13/[(-2) + 1] = 13/(-1) = 13 * (-1)/1 = 13 * (-1) = -13

(f) 0/(-12) = 0/(-1/12) = 0/12 = 0            

(g) (-31)/[(-30) + (-1)] = (-31)/[-30 - 1] = (-31)/(-31) = 1           

(h) [(-36)/12]/3 = (-3)/3 = -1           

(i) [(-6) + 5]/[(-2) + 1] = (-1)/(-1) = 1

Question 2:

Verify that a/(b + c) ≠ (a/b) + (a/c) for each of the following values of a, b and c

(a) a = 12, b = -4, c = 2                          (b) a = -10, b = 1, c = 1

Answer:

(a) Given, a/(b + c) ≠ (a/b) + (a/c)

a = 12, b = -4, c = 2

Putting the values in LHS, we get

12/(-4 + 2) = 12/(-2) = -12/2 = -6

Putting the values in RHS, we get

[12/(-4)] + (12/2) = [-12/4] + (12/2) = -3 + 6 = 3

Since, LHS ≠ RHS

Hence verified.

(b) Given, a/(b + c) ≠ (a/b) + (a/c)

a = -10, b = 1, c = 1

Putting the values in LHS, we get

-10/(1 + 1) = -10/2 = -5

Putting the values in RHS, we get

[-10 /1] + [-10/1] = -10 – 01 = -20

Since, LHS ≠ RHS

Hence verified.

Question 3:

Fill in the blanks:

(a) 369/…… = 369          (b) (-75)/….. = (-1)          (c) (-206)/….. = 1           (d) (-87)/….. = 87

(e) ……/1 = -87               (f) ……./48 = -1                (g) 20/…… = -2               (h) ……/4 = -3

Answer:

(a) 369/1 = 369                                    (b) (-75)/75 = (-1)                          (c) (-206)/ (-206) = 1    

(d) (-87)/(-1) = 87                                (e) (-87)/1 = -87                             (f) (-48)/48 = -1

(g) 20/(-10) = -2                                   (h) (-12)/4 = -3

Question 4:

Write five pairs of integers (a, b) such that a/b = 3. One such pair is (6, -2) because 6/(-2) = -3

 

Answer:

 (i) (-6)/2 = -3                                (ii) 9/(-3) = -3                               (iii) 12/(-4) = -3

 (iv) (-9)/3 = -3                              (v) (-15)/5 = -3

Question 5:

The temperature at noon was 10⁰ C above zero. If it decreases at the rate of 2⁰ C per hour

until mid-night, at what time would the temperature be 8⁰ C below zero? What would be

the temperature at mid-night?

Answer:

Following number line is representing the temperature:

              

The temperature decreases 2⁰ C = 1 hour

The temperature decreases 1oC = 1/2 hour

The temperature decreases 18⁰ C = (1/2) * 18 = 9 hours

Total time = 12 noon + 9 hours = 21 hours = 9 pm

Thus, at 9 pm the temperature would be 8oC below 0⁰ C.

Question 6:

In a class test (+3) marks are given for every correct answer and (-2) marks are given for every incorrect answer

and no marks for not attempting any question.

(i) Radhika scored 20 marks. If she has got 12 correct answers, how many questions has she attempted incorrectly?

(ii) Mohini scores (-5) marks in this test, though she has got 7 correct answers.

How many questions has she attempted incorrectly?

Answer:

(i) Marks given for one correct answer = 3

Marks given for 12 correct answers = 3 * 12 = 36

Radhika scored 20 marks.

Therefore, Marks obtained for incorrect answers = 20 – 36 = –16

Now, marks given for one incorrect answer = –2

Therefore, number of incorrect answers = (-16)/(-2) = 8

Thus, Radhika has attempted 8 incorrect questions.

(ii) Marks given for seven correct answers = 3 * 7 = 21

Mohini scores = –5

Marks obtained for incorrect answers = = –5 – 21 = –26

Now, marks given for one incorrect answer = –2

Therefore, number of incorrect answers = (-26)/(-2) = 13

Thus, Mohini has attempted 13 incorrect questions.

Question 7:

An elevator descends into a mine shaft at the rate of 6 m/min. If the descent starts from 10 above the ground level,

how long will it take to reach -350 m?

Answer:

Starting position of mine shaft is 10 m above the ground but it moves in opposite direction so

it travels the distance (–350) m below the ground.

So, total distance covered by mine shaft = 10 m – (–350) m = 10 + 350 = 360 m

Now, time taken to cover a distance of 6 m by it = 1 minute

So, time taken to cover a distance of 1 m by it = 1/6 minute

Therefore, time taken to cover a distance of 360 m = (1/6) * 360 = 60 minutes = 1 hour

(Since 60 minutes = 1 hour)

Thus, in one hour, the mine shaft reaches –350 below the ground.